See dreve on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dreven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dreven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drēfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drōbijaną",
"t": "to disturb, excite, make muddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb, excite, make muddy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrebʰ-",
"t": "to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dröven"
},
"expansion": "Low German dröven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droeven",
"t": "to be sad, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Dutch droeven (“to be sad, grieve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trüben",
"t": "to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble"
},
"expansion": "German trüben (“to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bedröva",
"t": "to grieve, sadden, distress"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bedröva (“to grieve, sadden, distress”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dreven (also droven), from Old English drēfan, *drōfian (“to trouble, vex, agitate, disturb the mind of”), from Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb, excite, make muddy”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment”). Cognate with Low German dröven, Dutch droeven (“to be sad, grieve”), German trüben (“to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble”), Swedish bedröva (“to grieve, sadden, distress”). Related to droff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dreves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dreve (third-person singular simple present dreves, present participle dreving, simple past and past participle dreved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To trouble; afflict; make anxious."
],
"id": "en-dreve-en-verb-k3brtgR3",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To trouble; afflict; make anxious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹiːv/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɹiv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "dreve",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drijven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular past subjunctive of drijven"
],
"id": "en-dreve-nl-verb-p6QPoz3c",
"links": [
[
"drijven",
"drijven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or formal) singular past subjunctive of drijven"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"form-of",
"formal",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eːvə"
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cu",
"3": "древа"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic древа (dreva)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic древа (dreva).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "drevelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f-p",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "dreve f pl (plural only)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "drevelor",
"gpi": "dreve",
"gsd": "drevei",
"gsi": "dreve",
"n": "pl",
"npd": "drevele",
"npi": "dreve",
"nsd": "{{{def}}}",
"nsi": "dreve",
"vp": "",
"vs": "",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian pluralia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sawdust"
],
"id": "en-dreve-ro-noun-eSmLAUBo",
"links": [
[
"sawdust",
"sawdust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "dreve n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dre‧ve"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dre‧ve"
]
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drevo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"locative singular of drevo"
],
"id": "en-dreve-sk-noun-4eptxAJp",
"links": [
[
"drevo",
"drevo#Slovak"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dreve/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdreʋe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eve"
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "dreve",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːvə",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːvə/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drijven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular past subjunctive of drijven"
],
"links": [
[
"drijven",
"drijven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or formal) singular past subjunctive of drijven"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"form-of",
"formal",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eːvə"
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dreven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dreven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drēfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drōbijaną",
"t": "to disturb, excite, make muddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb, excite, make muddy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrebʰ-",
"t": "to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dröven"
},
"expansion": "Low German dröven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droeven",
"t": "to be sad, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Dutch droeven (“to be sad, grieve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trüben",
"t": "to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble"
},
"expansion": "German trüben (“to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bedröva",
"t": "to grieve, sadden, distress"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bedröva (“to grieve, sadden, distress”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dreven (also droven), from Old English drēfan, *drōfian (“to trouble, vex, agitate, disturb the mind of”), from Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb, excite, make muddy”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment”). Cognate with Low German dröven, Dutch droeven (“to be sad, grieve”), German trüben (“to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble”), Swedish bedröva (“to grieve, sadden, distress”). Related to droff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dreves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dreve (third-person singular simple present dreves, present participle dreving, simple past and past participle dreved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːv",
"Rhymes:English/iːv/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"To trouble; afflict; make anxious."
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To trouble; afflict; make anxious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹiːv/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɹiv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cu",
"3": "древа"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic древа (dreva)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic древа (dreva).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "drevelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f-p",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "dreve f pl (plural only)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "drevelor",
"gpi": "dreve",
"gsd": "drevei",
"gsi": "dreve",
"n": "pl",
"npd": "drevele",
"npi": "dreve",
"nsd": "{{{def}}}",
"nsi": "dreve",
"vp": "",
"vs": "",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian feminine nouns",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian pluralia tantum",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic",
"Romanian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic"
],
"glosses": [
"sawdust"
],
"links": [
[
"sawdust",
"sawdust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "dreve n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dre‧ve"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dre‧ve"
]
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Slovak/eve",
"Rhymes:Slovak/eve/2 syllables",
"Slovak 2-syllable words",
"Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovak non-lemma forms",
"Slovak noun forms",
"Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drevo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"locative singular of drevo"
],
"links": [
[
"drevo",
"drevo#Slovak"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dreve/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdreʋe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eve"
}
],
"word": "dreve"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dreve meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.